colligative
41Water activity — or aw is a measurement of the energy status of the water in a system. It is defined as the vapor pressure of water above a sample divided by that of pure water at the same temperature; therefore, pure distilled water has a water activity of… …
42Ideal solution — In chemistry, an ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution in which the enthalpy of solution is zero; [ A to Z of Thermodynamics Pierre Perrot ISBN 0198565569] the closer to zero the enthalpy of solution, the more ideal the behavior of the… …
43Amount of substance — is a standards defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles. It is sometimes referred to as chemical amount. The International System of Units (SI) defines …
44Molar mass distribution — In linear polymers the individual polymer chains rarely have exactly the same degree of polymerization and molar mass, and there is always a distribution around an average value. The molar mass distribution (or molecular weight distribution) in a …
45François-Marie Raoult — Infobox Scientist name = François Marie Raoult box width = image width =150px caption = François Marie Raoult birth date = May 10, 1830 birth place = Fournes death date = April 1, 1901 death place = residence = citizenship = nationality = French… …
46Osmolarity — This article is about osmolarity. For the osmole unit, see Osmole (unit). Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a… …
47Notothenioidei — Antarctic icefish An icefish off the coast of Antarctica. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia …
48Ernst Otto Beckmann — Infobox Scientist name = Ernst Otto Beckmann image width = caption = Ernst Beckmann birth date = birth date|1853|7|4 birth place = Solingen, Germany residence = nationality = death date = death date and age|1923|7|12|1853|7|4 death place = Berlin …
49Beckmann thermometer — A Beckmann thermometer is a device used to measure small differences of temperature, but not absolute temperature values. It was invented by Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853 ndash; 1923), a German chemist, for his measurements of colligative properties …
50Macromolecular crowding — in the cytosol of cells alters the properties of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding alters the properties of molecules in a solution when high concentrations of macromolecules such as… …
