extra-algebraic
61Calculator — For mechanical precursors to the modern calculator, see mechanical calculator. For other uses, see Calculator (disambiguation). An electronic pocket calculator with a 7‑segment LCD display, that can perform basic arithmetic operations …
62Propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, a propositional calculus or logic (also called sentential calculus or sentential logic) is a formal system in which formulas of a formal language may be interpreted as representing propositions. A system of inference rules… …
63Alfred Tarski — Infobox scientist name = Alfred Tarski caption = birth date = birth date|1901|01|14 birth place = Warsaw, Poland (under Russian rule at the time) death date = death date|1983|10|26 death place = Berkeley, California fields = Mathematics, logic,… …
64Characteristic class — In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle on a topological space X a cohomology class of X. The cohomology class measures the extent to which the bundle is twisted particularly, whether it possesses… …
65Mathematical jargon — The language of mathematics has a vast vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in… …
66Differential algebra — In mathematics, differential rings, differential fields, and differential algebras are rings, fields, and algebras equipped with a derivation, which is a unary function that is linear and satisfies the Leibniz product law. A natural example of a… …
67Lefschetz pencil — In mathematics, a Lefschetz pencil is a construction in algebraic geometry considered by Solomon Lefschetz, in order to analyse the algebraic topology of an algebraic variety V . A pencil here is a particular kind of linear system of divisors on… …
68Complete intersection — In mathematics, an algebraic variety V in projective space is a complete intersection if it can be defined by the vanishing of the number of homogeneous polynomials indicated by its codimension. That is, if the dimension of an algebraic variety V …
69Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
70o-minimal theory — In mathematical logic, and more specifically in model theory, an infinite structure (M,<,...) which is totally ordered by < is called an o minimal structure if and only if every definable subset X ⊂ M (with parameters taken from… …
