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61Thermal insulation — The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer.Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, radiation or when undergoing a phase… …
62Turbulence — In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a fluid regime characterized by chaotic, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and… …
63Nuclear weapon design — The first nuclear weapons, though large, cumbersome and inefficient, provided the basic design building blocks of all future weapons. Here the Gadget device is prepared for the first nuclear test: Trinity. Nuclear weapon designs are physical,… …
64French drain — A French drain, drain tile, or land drain is a ditch filled with gravel or rock that redirects surface and ground water away from an area. French drains are common drainage systems, primarily used to prevent ground and surface water from… …
65Anthropology and Archaeology — ▪ 2009 Introduction Anthropology Among the key developments in 2008 in the field of physical anthropology was the discovery by a large interdisciplinary team of Spanish and American scientists in northern Spain of a partial mandible (lower… …
66tunnels and underground excavations — ▪ engineering Introduction Great tunnels of the world Great tunnels of the worldhorizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature s action in dissolving a soluble rock, such as limestone. A vertical opening …
67Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer — For fibers of carbon, see carbon (fiber). Tail of an RC helicopter, made of CFRP Carbon fiber reinforced polymer or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP or often simply carbon fiber), is a very strong and light fiber reinforced polymer… …
68Bead — For other uses, see Bead (disambiguation). Beads A bead is a small, decorative object that is usually pierced for threading or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 millimetre (0.039 in) to over 1 centimetre (0.39 in) in diameter …
69Formation evaluation — In petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of recognizing a commercial well when you drill one .Modern rotary drilling usually …
70List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents — Death in space redirects here. For death in specifically outer space conditions, see Space exposure. Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch, due to hot gases escaping the SRBs leading to structural failure of the external… …
